Editor's Note: The IRS ended the Direct File program in late 2025. Check out other free tax software options here.
The IRS Direct File program is a free option from the IRS to file your taxes. This will be the second year of the program, and it's expanded to more states.
In the United States, you can hire a tax professional to file your taxes, or you can use tax software to help you file online. You can also choose to do your taxes by hand. That involves using paper forms or digital equivalents to complete your taxes and then mailing them in.
However, some people can now use a free digital tax filing service that is offered directly by the IRS. The service is designed to expand free tax filing to more people.
Here’s what you need to know about the IRS’s free Direct File program.
IRS Direct File Explained
The IRS Direct File program is one option for filing your taxes in 2025. The program is in its second year, and is designed to allow some taxpayers to digitally complete their tax return and file their Federal taxes using a program created and managed by the IRS. The tool works on a computer, a tablet, or a phone, and is available 24/7. That means you can complete your taxes while riding the bus just as easily as in your home office.
Right now, this tool can only file your federal return. It will not file your state return. There are also limits on what types of income you can have, along with what deductions you can take.
For most Americans, IRS Direct File will be too limited to help this year.
Who Can Use the IRS Direct File Program?
IRS Direct File isn’t designed for everyone. This year, you can only use the IRS Direct File Program if you live in one of the following states for the entire year:
- Alaska
- Arizona
- California
- Connecticut
- Florida
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Kansas
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Washington state
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Need to file a state return? Once you've finished your federal tax return, you'll be connected with a free state-sponsored preparation and filing tool.
If you live in one of the states above, you also need to meet certain criteria related to your tax situation. The criteria include:
Qualifying income types. The program supports only the most common income types. For the current tax season, Direct File supports W-2 income, unemployment income, Social Security income, Railroad Retirement Income, and interest income of less than $1,500.
If you’re self-employed, a stock market or crypto investor (or trader), a landlord, or even a side hustler (like an Uber driver), you can’t use Direct File. The software doesn’t currently support self-employment income, rental income, or income from trading or dividends.
Supported credits. Direct File supports the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), the child tax credit, and tax credits for other dependents, along with the Premium Tax Credit (for healthcare premiums) and the Retirement Savings Contribution Credit.
You can’t use Direct File if you want to claim educational tax credits, home improvement tax credits (like for solar), or other tax credits. The American Opportunity Tax Credit is a key educational tax break for college students and their parents. The new Direct File doesn’t allow you to claim this credit (or other related tax credits).
Not many deductions are supported. The program allows you to claim student loan interest and educator expense deductions. They've also added support for the Health Savings Account deduction.
Reporting retirement income:
You can now report your retirement income using Direct File. This includes contributions and (most) distributions from Employer-sponsored retirement plans, such as a 401(k) pension, 403(b), annuity, or governmental 457(b).
Note that if you contribute to an IRA (not including rollovers) or take distributions from an IRA, you cannot use Direct File.
Other than those deductions, you’ll have to take the standard deduction. Most people don’t need to itemize their deductions, so that won’t be a huge problem. These above-the-line deductions are common among people with W-2 jobs, and it seems like an oversight to support the student loan interest deduction but not these other common deductions.
When you layer these requirements onto each other, there are likely very few taxpayers who can use the Direct File service this year.
Update: New Import Features For 2025!
In addition to supporting Form W-2 and IRS Direct online account imports, you can now import Form 1099-INT and Form 1095-A, saving you time and ensuring greater filing accuracy. Form 1099-INT reports interest income from financial institutions, and Form 1095-A is issued to taxpayers enrolled in a qualified health plan through a health insurance marketplace.
Limitations
When you’re using a product from the IRS, you may expect some side benefits. Unfortunately, Direct File is just a program to help you file your Federal taxes, so you can’t expect special benefits from using the tool. These are a few common concerns that aren’t addressed by the IRS Direct File Program.
Only supports Federal taxes. The Direct File program only helps you file your Federal income tax. If you need to file state income taxes, you’ll need to use a different program.
People who live in Arizona, California, Massachusetts, or New York can use Direct File and will be directed to a state-supported tool.
Washington state doesn’t have an income tax, but it offers a tax credit based on income. If you use Direct File, and you live in Washington, you’ll be directed to a site where you can apply for the credit.
Not direct line to IRS representatives. Direct File users will be able to live chat with IRS customer service representatives, but these representatives don’t offer full-service customer support. They will provide technical support associated with the Direct File technology. Additionally, they will be able to answer basic questions related to the scope of the Direct File program.
Doesn’t guarantee a faster refund. Online filers tend to get their tax refund before paper filers, but using Direct File doesn’t guarantee a faster refund. Expect to wait around three weeks after filing before you see your refund hit your bank account.
You can still be audited. Direct File simplifies tax filing, but you may still be audited by the IRS. If you misfile your information, you may need to use tax software or services to help you avoid tax penalties and other problems.
Alternatives To IRS Direct File
Instead of using IRS Direct File, you may want to use tax software. The software we review has been refined over many years.
FreeTaxUSA works with almost all tax situations and has free federal returns and state returns are just $14.99 each. You can add on access to a tax professional and audit assistance for an additional cost.
TurboTax has a version for simple returns that is free to file a federal return and one state return. This is for simple returns only and not everyone will qualify.
Final Take
It’s great to see the IRS moving towards a robust free tax filing service. Filing taxes should be simple, and the IRS should provide a robust, free solution for filing taxes. But at this time, IRS Direct File is unlikely to be a good solution for most taxpayers.
The solution is so limited that most people will be excluded because they want to claim additional income or deductions. Even if you can use the IRS Direct File, this is not the year to test it out. You’ll need to use two programs to complete your Federal and State taxes. Plus, you may miss a deduction or a credit because of the software limitations.
For this tax filing season, skip IRS Direct File. Use a free tax filing program that will allow you to file state and Federal taxes quickly and easily.
Editor: Ashley Barnett Reviewed by: Robert Farrington
Hannah Rounds is a data-driven personal finance writer with over a decade of experience helping readers understand how to make smarter money decisions. She specializes in breaking down complex financial topics (from student loans to investing tools) using a practical, analytical approach rooted in real-world data.
She holds a B.A. in Economics from Furman University (Summa Cum Laude), where she received the Arthur Magill Economics Award and the J. Carlyle Ellet Economics Prize. She has written extensively on taxes, investing, student loans, and financial technology, focusing on how data shapes smarter financial decisions.
When she’s not writing or analyzing spreadsheets, Hannah enjoys exploring new budgeting tools and finding fresh ways to make finance easier for families.