Senator Elizabeth Warren pressed Deputy Treasury Secretary nominee Francis Brooke at a Senate Finance Committee hearing over whether the Treasury Department will resume garnishing Social Security benefits for seniors with defaulted student loans.
In the exchange, Brooke could not say how many borrowers are in default and declined to commit to keeping the current pause on Social Security offsets in place.
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Why It Matters
Treasury now manages the defaulted federal student loan portfolio after the Trump administration announced in March 2026 that it would move collections out of the Department of Education.
Under the Treasury Offset Program, the government can withhold a portion of Social Security payments from seniors who have defaulted on federal student loans. This is also the same power it uses to seize tax refunds.
If confirmed, Brooke would be the second-highest-ranking official at the agency.
Backstory
Last year, Education Secretary Linda McMahon committed to Warren that the department would maintain its pause on Social Security offsets for defaulted borrowers, a pause McMahon said she personally ordered after the administration announced it would restart forced collections.
Since the defaulted loan portfolio moved to Treasury, Warren has been asking whether that commitment still holds. Brooke's refusal to affirm it leaves the policy's future unclear.
By The Numbers
- 9 million federal student loan borrowers are currently in default, the largest default total in recorded history. The New York Fed reported that 3.6 million borrowers defaulted since October alone, with credit scores dropping an average of 91 points.
- At least 450,000 of them are seniors who could see their Social Security benefits reduced through offsets.
- Borrowers subjected to Social Security offsets have seen their benefits cut by an average of more than $2,000 per year.
- The government has used offsets to withhold over $1 billion from Americans' Social Security benefits over the years.
- According to Warren, the latest data shows seniors with student loans are roughly twice as likely to be in default as younger borrowers.
What They Said
Asked how many borrowers are in default, Brooke answered, "I don't know the specific number, but it's more than it should be." When Warren pressed for even a ballpark figure, he offered none.
"Nine million people who are in default right now and whose financial lives will be in your hands, and you don't even know who they are," Warren responded. It's not the first time Warren has pressed the administration on the default crisis — she led a 62-lawmaker coalition demanding action in June.
On the offset question, Brooke repeatedly said Treasury acts as a "fiscal agent" and that he would work with Warren's office if confirmed. "All I need you to do is say we're going to follow the same policy that the Republican Department of Education was following, and I can't get an answer," Warren said, before announcing she would vote against his confirmation: "I'll be a no on you."
How This Connects
The defaulted portfolio Treasury inherited totals roughly $179 billion, and collections pressure is building on multiple fronts: wage garnishment is estimated to restart this fall, with defaulted borrowers facing a 15% paycheck hit.
Whether Social Security offsets stay paused is the biggest unanswered question for the roughly half-million seniors in default.
Brooke's nomination heads to a Senate Finance Committee vote. Treasury had already signaled plans to ramp up defaulted loan collections, so watch for whether it formally adopts or abandons the Education Department's offset pause.
For borrowers already in default, here's what happens when you stop paying your student loans and how to get out.
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Editor: Colin Graves
Robert Farrington is the founder of The College Investor and is widely recognized as one of the nation’s leading voices on student loan debt and saving for college. He holds an MBA from UC San Diego Rady School of Management and has spent over 15 years researching, writing, and advising on student loans, 529 plans, financial aid programs, and saving and investing for young professionals.
Robert has been featured in the The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, NBC News, and Forbes, where he has been a regular personal finance contributor for over a decade. His work combines both professional expertise and personal experience – he successfully navigated his own student loan repayment journey and has helped thousands of readers do the same.
He is committed to making the intersection of personal finance and education transparent and accessible. You can learn more about Robert on the About Page or on his personal site RobertFarrington.com.