When you're young – say during college or in your 20s and 30s – life insurance is the least likely thing on your mind. Seriously, I've yet to meet a college student or recent graduate who's given any thought to life insurance. But there are a lot of reasons why a millennial should consider life insurance:
- Rates are best when you're young and healthy
- You have private student loans with a cosigner
- You're getting married and want to protect your spouse or family
- You have children
If you are considering getting life insurance, make sure that you are looking at term life insurance, and not whole or any other type of policy. There are a lot of insurance options out there, and you usually have to go through an insurance broker who has a financial incentive to steer you into something that costs more than it should. You could very well end up with something more expensive than you really need.
Term vs. Whole Life Insurance
Term life insurance is just like it sounds: it is life insurance for a set term. A term can range anywhere from 1 year up to 30 years, or sometimes even longer. On the death of the insured, as long as it falls within the term, it pays out the amount of the policy to the beneficiary.
Whole life insurance, however, takes everything you get with a term policy and attempts to add an investment component. Some of these investment components are simple money market funds that accrue interest, but others invest in bonds or seek to mimic indexes like the S&P 500. The policy builds a cash value in this investment component which you can borrow against or cash out after a certain time. The most common types of whole life policies are traditional whole life, universal whole life, and variable whole life.
Whole life insurance is more expensive because you're not only paying for insurance, but you're also paying for the investment portion. In almost every single scenario, the amount you pay into a whole life insurance policy will never equate to the benefit you receive. No matter how much the investment portion grows, the insurance company will still take their fees. As such, it's almost always better to keep life insurance as term insurance, and invest the other money in the stock market.
The Life Insurance Math – Why Term Life Insurance Is Better
Let's look at a 25 year old male, excellent health, and non-smoker. The policy is for $1,000,000 for a 30 year term.
For a term policy, you would pay about $80 per month, or about $960 per year (this, of course, varies based on a lot of factors, but it s good estimate).
For a traditional whole life policy, while rates and accounts vary greatly, you can see a premium payment of around $250 per month, or $3,000 per year. Remember, this is much more expensive than a traditional term life policy.
Let's just look at the difference between these two policies. The term policy has no cash value, but you get to keep the difference in the premium you would have shelled out for the whole life policy ($2,040 annually).
After 10 years, the cash value of the whole life policy would be roughly $28,000. This money is also after-tax, since this is insurance and not simply an investment.
After 10 years, if you just invested the difference between the policies, you'd have a before-tax investment value of $36,321, assuming a 8% rate of return. Even if you include taxes at the 28% rate, you would still see an after tax return of $31,691. This is over $3,000 more than the cash value of the whole life policy.
This works out in almost every single scenario. Where does that extra money go? Into the pockets of the life insurance company or their salesmen as a commission.
What You Need To Know About Whole Life Insurance
It is also essential that you keep this is mind: term life is simple – a straight term, nothing fancy. But whole life is a complex instrument that is designed to return more than a term life policy to the insurance company. Our friend Todd at Financial Mentor wrote an amazing guide to try to highlight the complexities of whole life insurance. It's 10,000 words long (because whole life is so complex), and it basically sums up why whole life is a bad deal.
Since it is complex, you also have to speak to an insurance representative to even get a quote, and policies vary widely from insurer to insurer. The most easily compared metric on whole life policies is the internal rate of return (the yield on the policy minus fees). With a little analysis, you can figure out if the policy will provide a decent return, and you may even be able to figure out the minimum cash value at any given time.
For warning, a whole life policy usually doesn't even yield a worthwhile return unless you hold it for over 20 years. Then it starts to be a little better, but still not usually on par with outside investments. Second, whole life policies usually have surrender charges, so if you accidentally bought one and now want to switch to a term, make sure you read the fine print. You could see large fees required to get out of your whole life policy.
Finally, since 30 years is a long time, you want to make sure that the insurance company you are insured with will be around. Insurance companies are rated by two main companies – S&P and AM Best – who look at the company's ability to pay claims. Most financially sound insurers are rated AAA, so make sure that you go with the best.
Want to know more more about why whole life is not a good choice? Check out the Whole Life Rebellion to see how almost every other personal finance blogger in the world agrees (okay, not everyone, but the vast majority).
Conclusion – Only Purchase Term Life Insurance
The bottom line is that, for young adults, term life insurance makes the most financial sense. The purpose of insurance is to be a backstop against major financial loss in the case of an unexpected event – death. It's not an investment vehicle. It's not sexy. It's not a retirement savings account. No matter how you paint it, insurance is designed to be insurance.
Want to see how affordable term life insurance is? Check out a free quote from USAA Life Insurance. It's quick, free, and you can make sure your family is protected.
Readers, what are your thoughts on the term vs. whole life insurance debate?
Totally agree with you on the Term Life Insurance. I got a 15 year , $1 millon term life insurance policy for a few dollars a month. I firmly believe that insurance and investments should be kept separate.
Totally agree – and don’t let the salesman sell you otherwise!
I have never been interested in whole life policies. To me, life insurance and mutual funds have two different purposes, therefore, I don’t see the reason to use life insurance as an investment.
Great post.
We’ve gone with term. Only reason I would ever get a whole life policy is if I maxed out my IRA, 401K, SEP, HSA, mutual funds,….and then finally if I still had money I think I’d give it away before I bought whole life. Great article
I couldn’t agree with you more on the fact that term life insurance is the way to go. We want to make sure our loved ones are taken care of in the case of our early death and term life is the most cost effective way to make sure of this. When researching insurance costs I was surprised at the reasonableness in price for the amount of insurance I was looking for on a term policy. Even if you believe you can’t afford it, it’s worth researching. Alot of times it is lower priced then you think and sometimes for our loved ones the truth is we can’t afford not to be covered.
Amen on the Term Insurance. I truly don’t understand why people argue that whole life is better. It only makes sense to me that term would win out every single time.
I use to have a variable policy that I was promised would turn into a great investment someday. A few years after wising up, we switch to a 30-Year term policy. My only regret is not doing it sooner!
I politely disagree. There’s no reason why you can’t have a conservative investment that is joined with life insurance. The major disadvantage to term life is that if you live past the term of the coverage, you have lost all of that money. At least with whole life insurance, at least my plan, you never lose your money and you still have a death benefit. A commenter on my whole life insurance post (from last week) mentioned he has a 5% return on just the cash value aspect of his whole life insurance plan. That’s not bad when you consider the sharp decline in the stock market over the past few years.
Corey, remember what insurance is about – it’s not savings, it’s there for emergencies. If you are 30, and get a 30 year term, by the time the term ends at 60, you should have you kid’s done with school, and you should already have a great savings for retirement, and your house should be paid off, if not close. If you don’t mind sharing specifics, how much is your premium for whole vs. premium for term, and in the terms, what is the minimum return you are guaranteed?
Awesome post Robert! Buy term and invest the rest is a better option for most. Thanks for joining the #wholeliferebellion. We built a great Term vs Whole Life Insurance Comparison Calculator if you want to crunch some numbers: http://www.insuranceblogbychris.com/term-vs-whole-life-insurance-comparison-calculator/